Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, offers a fascinating journey into Sri Lanka’s ancient history. Once the capital of the island’s great kings, its well-preserved ruins tell stories of architectural brilliance, spiritual devotion, and royal grandeur.
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A Brief History
Polonnaruwa served as Sri Lanka’s capital during the 11th to 13th centuries, following the decline of Anuradhapura. King Parakramabahu I led the kingdom to its zenith, leaving behind an enduring legacy of sophisticated irrigation systems, palaces, and temples.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season, from December to March, when the weather is much cooler—ideal for exploring the sprawling ruins on foot or by bicycle. In central Sri Lanka a tour guide or group excursion would be ideal, as appreciating the historic sites to their fullest requires valuable insight and information—such as with Ceylon Tours.
Gal Vihara
The Gal Vihara, a masterpiece of Sinhalese rock sculpture, is the crown jewel of Polonnaruwa. Its four serene Buddha statues, carved from a single granite slab, symbolize the pinnacle of artistic achievement in Sri Lanka’s history.
Kumara Pokuna
Located on the eastern end of the royal grounds, this royal bathing pool is a showcase of the ingenuity of ancient Sri Lankan engineers. Surrounded by elegant stone carvings, it was used by royalty for both ceremonial and leisurely purposes.
King Parakramabahu’s Palace
Once a grand seven-story structure, the palace ruins hint at its former magnificence, with intricate brickwork and towering walls still standing today.
Potgul Vihara
This ancient library and monastery complex is thought to have housed Buddhist texts and provided a space for scholarly meditation. Its unique circular design is a testament to Polonnaruwa’s architectural innovation
